The interaction between the gas molecule and the sensor produces a variation in the resistance. The resistance of the sensor film is measured using Keithley 2636B System Source meter of the measurement range. The target gases are manually injected inside the chamber.

The interaction between the gas molecule and the sensor produces a variation in the resistance. The resistance of the sensor film is measured using Fluke Multimeter of the measurement range. The target gases are manually injected inside the chamber.

TG/DTA is a thermal analysis technique used to identify physical and chemical changes in a material as a function of temperature. TG measures changes in the mass of a sample as a function of temperature. It is particularly used for studying processes like decomposition, oxidation or other reactions. While, DTA measures the temperature difference between the sample and reference.

Solar simulator employ a light source with a spectral distribution similar to the natural sunlight used to evaluate characteristics of PV devices

This instrument enables rapid densification with suppressed grain coarsening, preserving nanoscale microstructures.
It offers precise control over sintering kinetics and is ideal for fabricating complex or refractory advanced materials.

Electrospinning is a fibre production method that uses electric force to draw charged threads of polymer solutions or polymer melts up to fibre diameters in the order of some hundred nanometres.

Enables high-purity, fast thin-film deposition with precise control over thickness and properties. Effective for high melting point materials and is widely used in advanced technological applications.

RF/DC sputtering is a PVD technique where high-energy ions eject atoms from a target, which then deposit onto a substrate as a thin film. It is widely used in optical electronics, solar cells, sensors, magnetic devices, and biomedical applications.

Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD) is a physical vapor deposition method for thin film growth. A high-energy laser ablates a target, generating a plasma plume of atoms, ions, and clusters. These species condense onto a substrate, forming a uniform thin film.

This is a versatile Hall Effect measurement system designed for characterizing semiconductor materials and devices. It measures key parameters such as Hall constant, charge carrier concentration, Hall mobility, resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient.

The DSC is a high-sensitivity, designed for material characterization. It features a robust, easy-to-use measuring system of the temperature dependent material properties like enthalpy and weight loss.

Impedance analysers are a class of instruments which measure complex electrical impedance as a function of frequency. It is a high-precision impedance and frequency response analyzer renowned for its exceptional accuracy and versatility in electrochemical and materials research.

The LZT-Meter offers an all-in-one solution for the independent determination of thermal conductivity using the flash method and measurements of electrical resistance and Seebeck coefficient.

GCMS is a powerful analytical technique offers a wide temperature range from 4°C to 450°C, enabling the analysis of a broad spectrum of substances. The system features an advanced flow controller for accurate and stable carrier gas management, ensuring reproducible results.

A Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer is an instrument which acquires broadband Near Infrared (NIR) to Far Infrared (FIR) spectra, high resolution of 0.25 cm⁻¹, and rapid scanning capabilities of up to 20 spectra per second.

UV-Visible spectroscopy is a widely used simple and non-destructive technique, enabling detailed analysis in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions. This extensive range makes it suitable for a wide array of applications, including material science, pharmaceuticals, and environmental monitoring.

The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectrometer analyzes the crystallographic properties of solids, liquids, and powders. It provides detailed information on atomic arrangement, crystal structure, phase composition, and lattice features within materials.

Single crystal X-ray diffraction system provides high-precision analysis of atomic and molecular structures in crystalline materials. It delivers detailed insights into atomic arrangements, lattice positions, and interatomic distances, offering exceptional resolution for complex crystal structures.

Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) measures the magnetic properties of materials based on Faraday’s Law of Induction. It detects the induced electric field from a changing magnetic field, providing insights into the material's magnetic behavior.

The Quantum Efficiency measurement system spans 250 to 2500 nm, using a 150 W Xenon arc lamp as a high-intensity light source. It is capable of measuring solar cells with large capacitance and supports both DC and AC modes for improved versatility and accuracy.

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a high-resolution technique that uses a sharp probe to scan material surfaces at the nanoscale, producing detailed topographical images. It is non-destructive, adaptable, and ideal for analyzing various materials, offering real-time imaging and quantitative data on surface forces and interactions.

Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides high-resolution surface topography and elemental analysis at magnifications from 10x to 300,000x. It offers sharper images with minimal distortion and a spatial resolution of 1.5 nm, significantly outperforming conventional SEM.

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive technique that analyzes elemental composition, chemical states, and electronic structure within the top ~10 nm. It is widely used for characterizing thin films, semiconductors, and various inorganic and organic materials.

This instrument is used solidify any powder material into a compact shape within a die using high pressure for TE, IR, FTIR, and XRF characterizations

This oven is used to dry the solvent in the as prepared powder samples, and dry any coated thin films.

A muffle furnace is a high-temperature heating device designed to isolate materials from combustion byproducts, typically operating at temperatures up to 600°C. It is widely used in laboratories and industries for applications such as ashing samples, heat treatment, and sintering materials, providing a controlled environment for precise thermal processing.

Tubular furnaces are specialized electric heating devices designed for synthesizing and purifying inorganic and organic compounds under controlled atmospheres. They feature a cylindrical chamber surrounded by heating coils, allowing for precise temperature control and uniform heating, making them ideal for various thermal processes such as annealing, drying, and material synthesis.

This instrument is designed with materials that can withstand extreme heat and can be operated for precise temperature control. The temperature ranges from 30 ˚C to 1200 ˚C. It is used for processes such as annealing, sintering, and calcination

This instrument is designed to seal samples in quartz ampoules under high vacuum and is essential for preparing samples in a controlled environment, ensuring the integrity of the materials. Equipped with a unique vacuum valve to prevent material contamination.

RETSCH planetary ball mills are perfectly suitable for size reduction of, for example, alloys, bentonite, bones, carbon fibres, catalysts, cellulose, cement clinker, ceramics, charcoal, chemical products, clay minerals, etc.

A hydraulic pellet press compacts powdered materials into solid pellets using hydraulic pressure commonly employed in material science for sample preparation and analysis.

A spin coater rapidly spins flat substrates while dispensing liquid solutions, creating uniform thin films crucial for semiconductor manufacturing and thin film research.

Spray pyrolysis is a method for depositing thin films by spraying precursor solutions onto a heated substrate. As the solvent evaporates, it leaves behind a thin film of the desired material. This system is widely used in materials science to create uniform coatings for various applications, including semiconductors and thin-film solar cells.

The Uniaxial pressing method is a process of compacting powder into a rigid pellet by applying heat along with pressure in a uniaxial direction using a rigid punch.

In the process, Argon transports the vaporized solid precursor to a substrate for the deposition. The two-zone design allows for better control over temperature and pressure, leading to more precise and uniform deposition.

In this process, Inert gases transport the vaporized solid precursor to a substrate for the deposition. The two-zone design allows for better control over temperature and pressure, leading to more precise and uniform deposition.

In the process, Argon transports the vaporized solid precursor to a substrate for the deposition. The two-zone design allows for better control over temperature and pressure, leading to more precise and uniform deposition.

The EPOCH 650 is a lightweight, portable flaw detector built to be rugged and flexible for nearly any inspection. The EPOCH 650 allows a full range of standard and optional flaw detection features. This instrument is mainly used to measure the sound velocity of any material to be related to the defects in the sample

Property evaluations of thermoelectric generator modules by applying a maximum 500°C temperature difference across a thermoelectric generator module, this system finds the thermoelectric conversion rate η by finding the power that is generated P when a one-dimensional heat flow Q is passed through the module.

The SP–150e is the only ampere capable electrochemical workstation to boast high-current capability (800 A with boosters), three EIS quality indicators (THD, NSD, NSR) for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy validation and Ethernet compatibility.

The interaction between the gas molecule and the sensor produces a variation in the resistance. The resistance of the sensor film is measured using Keithley 2636B System Source meter of the measurement range. Target gases and the carrier gas were interfaced to the chamber via MFC of flow rate :0-200 sccm. In addition, the VOC flask of volume: 125 mL is equipped for VOC detection.

Its optical design uses precision double-beam optics with variable spectral bandwidth. A high sensitivity PMT detector provides accurate and reproducible measurements for low to high concentration samples. By controlling the high voltage applied to the PMT, the dynode feedback offers a wider dynamic range than generally found on UV-Visible spectrophotometers.

It is an extremely sensitive spectrofluorometer that can be used in the broadest range of applications. Many features like automatic cut-off filters eliminate peaks due to second-order scatter, giving more confidence in artifact-free spectral measurement.

High-temperature laser flash analyzer is used for measuring thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat of materials at temperatures up to 900° C. It is a reliable and efficient instrument used in various industries for material testing and research purposes.

This instrument is used to measure the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical resistivity of the materials. It operates by measuring the voltage generated when a temperature gradient is applied across a material.

Operates for powder melting, arc casting metals, non-metallic buttons. Maintains chemical and mechanical homogeneity of ingots. Removal of all dissolved gases - Hydrogen, Nitrogen etc. Low energy input for all re-melting processes. Fully automatic cycle sequencing.

This furnace is used for material formation, heat treatment of alloy like materials, annealing of nanomaterials.

This tubular furnace is used to anneal, carbonize or sulfurize any nanomaterials

This furnace is used to perform hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis, anneal chemical compounds to a particular phase.